ENGLISH FORM 3 CHAPTER 4: SPECIAL RELATIONSHIPS
Unit 4: Special Relationships
Form 3 English • Grammar, Reading & Storytelling
🐶 Dogs in a Human World
Did you know?
The friendship between humans and dogs possibly began 14,000 years ago! Some animals form very special bonds, like a young, hand-raised raccoon playing with his best friend, the family dog, in Germany.
Hover or tap the cards to flip them and learn the core vocabulary from the text!
Suspicious
AdjectiveDescribes an action that makes you feel that something is wrong or illegal.
“He looked suspicious.”
Sniff
VerbTo smell something. Working dogs use this skill to find things.
“The dog sniffed the bag.”
Physical Disability
Noun PhraseA physical illness or injury that makes it difficult for someone to do things other people do.
Rubble
NounThe broken bricks and stones that are left when a building falls down (e.g., in an earthquake).
🤝 Phrasal Verbs: Relationships
Get on with 😊
To have a good, friendly relationship with someone.
“I really get on with my new classmates.”
Look up to 🤩
To admire and respect someone (usually older).
“Many children look up to their parents.”
Fall out with 😠
To argue with someone and stop being friendly.
“She fell out with her best friend over a secret.”
Make up 🤗
To become friends again after an argument.
“They argued yesterday, but they quickly made up.”
🔗 Grammar I: Relative Clauses
Hover over the sentences to see the relative pronouns highlighted!
They give essential information. We do not use commas.
“The dog that saved the boy is a hero.”
They give extra, non-essential info. We must use commas.
“Max, who is a rescue dog, loves to play.”
| Pronoun | Used for | Examples from Textbook |
|---|---|---|
| Who / That | People | • Bill is the architect who built that hotel. • The boy that we met is friendly. |
| Which / That | Things / Animals | • The dog which we found is very friendly. • This is the book that I bought. |
| Whose | Possession (belongs to) | • My best friend, whose parents travel a lot, feels lonely. |
| When | Time | • Turning 21 is the time when people think about the future. |
⏱️ Grammar II: Temporals
Temporals are words relating to time. The most common ones are: when, until, as soon as, after, by the time.
Grammar Rule Watch Out!
We NEVER use the future tense (will) immediately after a temporal word! Even if we are talking about the future, we use the Present Simple or Present Perfect.
| Temporal Word | Correct Usage (Hover to highlight) |
|---|---|
| Until | We can’t continue our research until he has given us some info. (NOT: until he will give) |
| As soon as | Please call me as soon as the babysitter leaves. (NOT: as soon as she will leave) |
| After | The doctors won’t tell us anything after they see the test results. |
| By the time | By the time people realise the damage, it will be too late. |
✍️ Writing: Organising a Story
When writing a story, having a clear structure and describing people effectively makes your writing much more interesting to read.
The Story Mountain
Introduction
Set the scene. Who is in the story? When and where is it happening? Describe the weather or time of day.
Main Event / Action
What happens next? Introduce a problem or exciting event. Use linking words like Suddenly, Then, After that.
Conclusion
How does the story end? How did the characters feel at the end? (e.g., relieved, exhausted, happy).
Describing People
To make characters come alive, describe both their appearance and personality.
- Appearance: Describe their age, height, hair, and face.
e.g., “He was a tall teenager with curly brown hair.” - Personality: Are they brave, shy, outgoing, or suspicious?
e.g., “She was very outgoing and loved helping animals.” - Feelings: Show, don’t just tell.
e.g., “His hands were shaking” (instead of “He was scared”).
Unit 4: Special Relationships
Test your knowledge on human-animal bonds, relative clauses, temporals, and vocabulary!