English form 5 notes, Nota Bahasa Inggeris Tingkatan 5 , Chapter 5, Bab 5
The Environment
Form 5 Unit 5: Saving the Planet
Teens Saving the Environment 🌿
Chapter 5 highlights how young people aren’t waiting for adults to solve environmental crises.
Boyan Slat (The Ocean Cleanup)
A 16-year-old Dutch student who was shocked by the amount of plastic while diving in Greece. He designed a system that uses ocean currents to gather plastic.
“Why move through the ocean to collect plastic, when the ocean can move through you?”
Key Concept: Passive collection using huge floating barriers to trap debris.
Azza Abdel Hamid Faiad
An Egyptian teenager who discovered a way to turn plastic waste into fuel using a low-cost catalyst. This solves two problems: 1) Rubbish 2) Energy shortage.
Global Environmental Threats 🌍
Acid Rain
Rain containing high levels of nitric and sulfuric acids, often caused by industrial pollution.
Smog
A mix of smoke and fog that pollutes the air in big cities, making it hard to breathe.
Endangered Species
Animals or plants that are at risk of dying out (becoming extinct).
Oil Spills
Accidental releases of oil into the ocean, devastating marine life and polluted beaches.
Phrasal Verbs for Conservation
- Throw away: To get rid of rubbish.
- Cut down: To reduce the number of trees (deforestation).
- Die out: To become extinct.
- Keep on: To continue doing an action (e.g., keep on protesting).
Mastering the Future ⏳
Chapter 5 focuses on four specific ways to talk about the future.
| Tense | Use Case | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Future Continuous (will be + -ing) |
Action in progress at a specific time in the future. | “This time tomorrow, I will be cleaning the beach.” |
| Future Perfect Simple (will have + p.p) |
Action finished before a point in the future. | “By 2050, we will have banned all single-use plastics.” |
| Future Perfect Continuous (will have been + -ing) |
How long an action has been happening by a point in the future. | “By 5 PM, they will have been protesting for eight hours.” |
Pro Tip: Use “By the time…” or “By…” with the Future Perfect tenses to show a deadline.
Writing an Article 📝
An article should grab the reader’s attention and keep them interested.
The Structure
- Catchy Title: Use alliteration or a question. (e.g., “Plastic: The Silent Killer”)
- Introduction: Define the problem and grab interest.
- Body Paragraphs: Discuss causes, effects, and solutions.
- Conclusion: Summarize and end with a strong message or a “call to action.”
Techniques to use:
- Rhetorical Questions: “Do you want to live on a planet made of rubbish?”
- Direct Address: Use “You” and “We” to involve the reader.
- Strong Adjectives: Use devastating, crucial, catastrophic instead of bad or important.